What documents should be checked while buying a property?

5/17/20252 min read

Essential Documents to Check Before Buying a Property in India

Buying a property is one of the biggest financial decisions you'll make. Whether it's your first home or an investment, ensuring the property's legal and financial clarity is critical. Verifying the right documents protects you from future disputes, fraud, or delays in possession.

Here’s a comprehensive checklist of documents you must check before buying a property in India:

1. Sale Deed

This is the core legal document that proves the sale and transfer of ownership from the seller to the buyer.

  • It should be duly registered at the sub-registrar’s office.

  • Cross-check that the seller’s name matches other title documents.

2. Title Deed / Mother Deed

Confirms the legal ownership of the seller.

  • Check if the title is clear and marketable, with no disputes.

  • Mother deed traces the origin of the property and ownership history.

3. Encumbrance Certificate (EC)

Proves that the property is free from any monetary or legal liabilities, like loans or mortgages.

  • Obtain the EC from the sub-registrar office.

  • Ideally, request it for the last 15–30 years.

4. Approved Building Plan

Issued by the local municipal authority, it ensures that the construction follows legal guidelines.

  • Unapproved constructions can face penalties or demolition.

  • Check for setback, FAR compliance, and zoning permissions.

5. Occupancy Certificate (OC)

A must for ready-to-move properties. It certifies that the building is complete and fit for occupation.

  • Issued by local authorities after verifying that the construction followed approved plans and safety norms.

6. Completion Certificate (CC)

Given by the municipal body, it indicates that the building has been constructed as per the approved plan.

  • Especially important for newly built properties or apartments.

7. No Objection Certificates (NOCs)

From various departments – like electricity board, water department, environment authority, etc.

  • Especially important for large housing societies and high-rises.

8. Possession Letter

Issued by the builder to the buyer, stating the date of possession of the property.

  • Usually required while applying for a home loan or legal possession.

9. Allotment Letter (for Under-Construction Projects)

Issued by the developer to the buyer, it mentions details like flat number, project name, payment schedule, etc.

  • Especially important for availing home loans during pre-possession.

10. Sale Agreement

This legally binds the buyer and seller until the sale deed is executed.

  • Includes details about payment, possession date, penalties, and legal clauses.

11. Bank Loan Sanction & Disbursement Papers (if applicable)

If you're purchasing with a home loan, ensure you keep records of:

  • Loan sanction letter

  • EMI schedule

  • Disbursement proofs

    🏁 Conclusion

    A property might look perfect on paper — but without the right documentation, it can turn into a legal headache. Be cautious, consult professionals, and cross-verify every document before signing the dotted line.

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